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High performance spring material

Electric conductivity and Strength

Pure copper has excellent in electrical & thermal conductivity, but is not sufficient in strength & other properties for certain applications. These disadvantages have been solved by newly developed alloys.
There are several methods to harden metal, solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening, strain hardening, grain refinement hardening, etc.

Solid solution hardened alloys
Cu-Zn alloy (Brass)
Cu-Sn alloy (Phosphor bronze)
Cu-Zn-Ni alloy (Nickel silver)
Precipitation hardened alloys
Cu-Ni-Si alloy (Corson alloy)
Cu-Cr alloy
Cu-Be alloy (Beryllium alloy)

Chemical composition of alloy defines its properties, such as strength, spring characteristics, thermal relaxation, solderability, etc. and its application, as shown in following table.

High performance spring material

Name of alloy Chemical composition (%)
Cu Pb Fe Sn Zn Ni P Other
C5210 remaining 0.05
or less
0.10
or less
7.0
`9.0
0.2
or less
- 0.03
`0.35
-
C7701 54.0
`58.0
0.10
or less
0.25
or less
- remaining 1.65
`19.5
- -
C1990 remaining - - - - - - Ti3.2
C1720 - - - - - Ni+Co
0.2or less
- Be1.8`2.0
Ni+Co+Fe0.6
Cu+Be+Ni+Co+Fe99.5
BeCuR11HT - - - - - 1.4
`2.2
- Be0.2`0.6
Cu+Be+Ni99.5
MSP1 99.0
or more
- - - - - 0.002
`0.04
Mg0.4`0.9
MAX251 95.0
or more
- - 0.2
`0.8
0.5
`1.5
1.3
`2.7
- Si0.2`0.8
C7025 remaining - - - - 3.2 - Mg0.15@Si0.7
BeCuR8HT - - - - - 1.4
`2.2
- Be0.2`0.6
Cu+Be+Ni99.5
MZC1 remaining - - - - - - Cr0.2`0.4 Zr0.07`0.13
Si0.01`0.03
MAX375 93.4
or more
- - 0.1
`0.9
0.2
`1.2
2.3
`3.5
- Si0.4`1.0
KA1025 remaining - - 9.0
`11.0
- 0.2
`0.35
0.00
`0.35
 
PMC26 97.4 - - - 2.0 - 0.3 Si0.3
C18080 remaining - 0.08 - - - - Cr0.5 Ti0.1 Ag0.1 Si0.03
C19500 remaining - 1.5 0.6 - - 0.1 Co0.8
HCL-305 remaining - - - 1.5
`2.0
2.2
`2.8
0.015
`0.06
Si0.3`0.7
HCL-404 remaining - 0.2
`0.4
0.05
`0.3
0.2
`0.4
0.2
`0.4
0.08
`0.2
 
HCL-307 remaining - 0.2
`0.4
- 1.5
`2.0
2.7
`3.3
0.015
`0.06
Si0.5`0.9

Various properties

  Temper grade Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation (%) Hardness (HV) Electrical conductivity (IACS%) Specific gravity (g/cm3)
C5210 H
EH
SH
590`705
685`785
735`835
20or more
11or more
9or more
195`205
235`246
250`257
12
12
12
8.9
8.9
8.9
C7701 H
EH
630`735
705`805
4or more
-
180`240
210`260
5
5
8.7
8.7
C1990 1/4HT
EHT
735`850
930`1130
10or more
2or more
250`300
310`360
14
10
8.7
8.7
C1720 HM 910`1110 6or more 295`345 20 8.3
BeCuR11 HT 760`965 5or more 230`280 50 8.7
BeCuR7 HT 765`900 8or more 220`275 33 8.7
MSP1 H
EH
480`570
540`630
7or more
5or more
150`190
170`210
63
63
8.8
8.8
MAX251C H
EH
600`700
640`740
5or more
3or more
165`230
180`240
37
37
8.9
8.9
C7025 1/2H 607`726 6or more 180`220 53 8.8
BeCuR8HT HT 700`850 5or more 210`260 64 8.75
MZC1 H
SH
525`625
575or more
3or more
2or more
140`200
160or more
84
76
8.9
MAX375 H
EH
750`850
800`900
6or more
3or more
210`270
220`280
40
40
8.9
KA1025 H
EH
700`850
850`1000
10or more
8or more
220`250
240`270
11
11
8.8
PMC26 H 590or more 8or more 175`200 45 8.9
C18080 TM04
TM08
490`560
530`600
8or more
4or more
160
175
79 8.86
C19500 Hard
spring
565`621
607`669
2or more
2or more
155`205
170`220
50 8.91
HCL-305 H
SH
620`710
700`780
10or more
2or more
180`230
210`260
37or more 8.9
HCL-404 H 500-600 5or more 160`200 55or more 8.9
HCL-307 H
SH
720`800
770`850
8or more
1or more
220`270
230`280
30or more 8.9

Electrical conductivity & tensile strength (Refer to the Figure below)

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