Pure copper has excellent in electrical & thermal conductivity, but is not sufficient in strength & other properties for certain applications. These disadvantages have been solved by newly developed alloys.
There are several methods to harden metal, solid solution hardening, precipitation hardening, strain hardening, grain refinement hardening, etc.
Chemical composition of alloy defines its properties, such as strength, spring characteristics, thermal relaxation, solderability, etc. and its application, as shown in following table.
Name of alloy | Chemical composition (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu | Pb | Fe | Sn | Zn | Ni | P | Other | |
C5210 | remaining | 0.05 or less |
0.10 or less |
7.0 `9.0 |
0.2 or less |
- | 0.03 `0.35 |
- |
C7701 | 54.0 `58.0 |
0.10 or less |
0.25 or less |
- | remaining | 1.65 `19.5 |
- | - |
C1990 | remaining | - | - | - | - | - | - | Ti3.2 |
C1720 | - | - | - | - | - | Ni+Co 0.2or less |
- | Be1.8`2.0 Ni+Co+Fe0.6 Cu+Be+Ni+Co+Fe99.5 |
BeCuR11HT | - | - | - | - | - | 1.4 `2.2 |
- | Be0.2`0.6 Cu+Be+Ni99.5 |
MSP1 | 99.0 or more |
- | - | - | - | - | 0.002 `0.04 |
Mg0.4`0.9 |
MAX251 | 95.0 or more |
- | - | 0.2 `0.8 |
0.5 `1.5 |
1.3 `2.7 |
- | Si0.2`0.8 |
C7025 | remaining | - | - | - | - | 3.2 | - | Mg0.15@Si0.7 |
BeCuR8HT | - | - | - | - | - | 1.4 `2.2 |
- | Be0.2`0.6 Cu+Be+Ni99.5 |
MZC1 | remaining | - | - | - | - | - | - | Cr0.2`0.4 Zr0.07`0.13 Si0.01`0.03 |
MAX375 | 93.4 or more |
- | - | 0.1 `0.9 |
0.2 `1.2 |
2.3 `3.5 |
- | Si0.4`1.0 |
KA1025 | remaining | - | - | 9.0 `11.0 |
- | 0.2 `0.35 |
0.00 `0.35 |
|
PMC26 | 97.4 | - | - | - | 2.0 | - | 0.3 | Si0.3 |
C18080 | remaining | - | 0.08 | - | - | - | - | Cr0.5 Ti0.1 Ag0.1 Si0.03 |
C19500 | remaining | - | 1.5 | 0.6 | - | - | 0.1 | Co0.8 |
HCL-305 | remaining | - | - | - | 1.5 `2.0 |
2.2 `2.8 |
0.015 `0.06 |
Si0.3`0.7 |
HCL-404 | remaining | - | 0.2 `0.4 |
0.05 `0.3 |
0.2 `0.4 |
0.2 `0.4 |
0.08 `0.2 |
|
HCL-307 | remaining | - | 0.2 `0.4 |
- | 1.5 `2.0 |
2.7 `3.3 |
0.015 `0.06 |
Si0.5`0.9 |
Temper grade | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HV) | Electrical conductivity (IACS%) | Specific gravity (g/cm3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C5210 | H EH SH |
590`705 685`785 735`835 |
20or more 11or more 9or more |
195`205 235`246 250`257 |
12 12 12 |
8.9 8.9 8.9 |
C7701 | H EH |
630`735 705`805 |
4or more - |
180`240 210`260 |
5 5 |
8.7 8.7 |
C1990 | 1/4HT EHT |
735`850 930`1130 |
10or more 2or more |
250`300 310`360 |
14 10 |
8.7 8.7 |
C1720 | HM | 910`1110 | 6or more | 295`345 | 20 | 8.3 |
BeCuR11 | HT | 760`965 | 5or more | 230`280 | 50 | 8.7 |
BeCuR7 | HT | 765`900 | 8or more | 220`275 | 33 | 8.7 |
MSP1 | H EH |
480`570 540`630 |
7or more 5or more |
150`190 170`210 |
63 63 |
8.8 8.8 |
MAX251C | H EH |
600`700 640`740 |
5or more 3or more |
165`230 180`240 |
37 37 |
8.9 8.9 |
C7025 | 1/2H | 607`726 | 6or more | 180`220 | 53 | 8.8 |
BeCuR8HT | HT | 700`850 | 5or more | 210`260 | 64 | 8.75 |
MZC1 | H SH |
525`625 575or more |
3or more 2or more |
140`200 160or more |
84 76 |
8.9 |
MAX375 | H EH |
750`850 800`900 |
6or more 3or more |
210`270 220`280 |
40 40 |
8.9 |
KA1025 | H EH |
700`850 850`1000 |
10or more 8or more |
220`250 240`270 |
11 11 |
8.8 |
PMC26 | H | 590or more | 8or more | 175`200 | 45 | 8.9 |
C18080 | TM04 TM08 |
490`560 530`600 |
8or more 4or more |
160 175 |
79 | 8.86 |
C19500 | Hard spring |
565`621 607`669 |
2or more 2or more |
155`205 170`220 |
50 | 8.91 |
HCL-305 | H SH |
620`710 700`780 |
10or more 2or more |
180`230 210`260 |
37or more | 8.9 |
HCL-404 | H | 500-600 | 5or more | 160`200 | 55or more | 8.9 |
HCL-307 | H SH |
720`800 770`850 |
8or more 1or more |
220`270 230`280 |
30or more | 8.9 |